Table 1 Association of maternal and obstetric characteristics with mode of birth (VBAC versus RCB), among births at selected sites (Guatemala, Belagavi, Nagpur, Pakistan and Bangladesh) at the global network for Women’s and Children’s health research, maternal and newborn health registry, 2017–2020
Characteristics | Women with a history of cesarean birth | VBAC | RCB | P-value* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Mothers, N | 8,267 | 1,389 | 6,878 | |
Maternal age, n | 8266.0 | 1389.0 | 6877.0 | 0.0811 |
median (P25, P75) | 26.0 (24.0, 30.0) | 27.0 (24.0, 30.0) | 26.0 (23.0, 30.0) | . |
Maternal education, n (%) | 8,266 | 1,389 | 6,877 | < .0001 |
No formal schooling | 1,114 (13.5) | 269 (19.4) | 845 (12.3) | |
Primary or secondary | 6,092 (73.7) | 1,012 (72.9) | 5,080 (73.9) | |
University + | 1,060 (12.8) | 108 (7.8) | 952 (13.8) | |
Parity | 8,267 | 1,389 | 6,878 | < .0001 |
1 | 5,229 (63.3) | 634 (45.6) | 4,595 (66.8) | |
2 | 1,990 (24.1) | 351 (25.3) | 1,639 (23.8) | |
> 2 | 1,048 (12.7) | 404 (29.1) | 644 (9.4) | |
BMI kg/m2 | 8,257 | 1,388 | 6,869 | <.0001 |
< 18.5 | 1,093 (13.2) | 201 (14.5) | 892 (13.0) | |
18.5–24.9 | 3,899 (47.2) | 692 (49.9) | 3,207 (46.7) | |
≥ 25 | 3,265 (39.5) | 495 (35.7) | 2,770 (40.3) | |
Inter-delivery interval, n | 8258.0 | 1388.0 | 6870.0 | <.0001 |
median (P25, P75) | 36.0 (25.0, 53.0) | 32.0 (23.0, 47.0) | 37.0 (25.0, 55.0) | |
At least one antenatal care visit, n/N (%) | 7,879/8,267 (95.3) | 1,314/1,389 (94.6) | 6,565/6,878 (95.4) | <.0001 |
Antenatal care visits, n/N (%) | 8,257 | 1,388 | 6,869 | <.0001 |
0–3 | 2,441 (29.6) | 568 (40.9) | 1,873 (27.3) | |
≥ 4 | 5,816 (70.4) | 820 (59.1) | 4,996 (72.7) | |
Obstructed labor/failure to progress, n/N (%) | 636/8,266 (7.7) | 40/1,389 (2.9) | 596/6,877 (8.7) | 0.0061 |
Severe antepartum hemorrhage, n/N (%) | 61/8,267 (0.7) | 13/1,389 (0.9) | 48/6,878 (0.7) | 0.1308 |
Hypertensive disorders, n/N (%) | 422/8,267 (5.1) | 30/1,389 (2.2) | 392/6,878 (5.7) | 0.0005 |
Induction of labor, n/N (%) | 80/7,967 (1.0) | 48/1,334 (3.6) | 32/6,633 (0.5) | < .0001 |
Delivery attendant**, n (%) | 8,267 | 1,389 | 6,878 | ** |
Physician | 7,515 (90.9) | 637 (45.9) | 6,878 (100.0) | |
Nurse/nurse midwife/LHW/HW | 227 (2.7) | 227 (16.3) | 0 (0.0) | |
Traditional birth attendant | 481 (5.8) | 481 (34.6) | 0 (0.0) | |
Family/self/other | 44 (0.5) | 44 (3.2) | 0 (0.0) | |
Delivery Location, n (%) | 8,267 | 1,389 | 6,878 | < .0001 |
Hospital | 6,442 (77.9) | 718 (51.7) | 5,724 (83.2) | |
Clinic/Health center | 1,123 (13.6) | 164 (11.8) | 959 (13.9) | |
Private Center | 702 (8.5) | 507 (36.5) | 195 (2.8) | |
Infants, N | 8,335 | 1,398 | 6,937 | |
Female sex, n (%) | 4,110/8,302 (49.5) | 696/1,367 (50.9) | 3,414/6,935 (49.2) | 0.2942 |
Preterm birth, n (%) | 1,432/8,325 (17.2) | 277/1,388 (20.0) | 1,155/6,937 (16.6) | 0.0054 |
Measured birth weight, n | 8258 | 1337 | 6921 | 0.0979 |
median (P25, P75) | 2800.0 (2500.0, 3010.0) | 2780.0 (2500.0, 3030.0) | 2800.0 (2500.0, 3010.0) |