Characteristic | Total (n = 190,545) | With Bachelor’s degree (n = 143,018, 75.1%) | Without Bachelor’s degree (WBD) (n = 47,527, 24.9%) | P |
---|---|---|---|---|
Maternal age (y) | ||||
Mean (SD) | 34.5 (5.1) | 35.2 (4.7) | 32.4 (5.6) | |
< 20 | 96 (0.1) | 0 (0.0) | 96 (0.2) | < 0.001 |
20–34 | 97,874 (51.4) | 66,789 (46.7) | 31,085 (65.4) | |
35 years or more | 92,575 (48.6) | 76,229 (53.3) | 16,346 (34.4) | |
Maternal Race and Ethnicity | ||||
Non-Hispanic white | 140,375 (73.7) | 107,436 (75.1) | 32,939 (69.3) | < 0.001 |
Non-Hispanic black | 8,289 (4.4) | 5,267 (3.7) | 3,022 (6.4) | |
Hispanic | 16,166 (8.5) | 8,682 (6.1) | 7,484 (15.7) | |
Non-Hispanic Other | 24,539 (12.9) | 20,734 (14.5) | 3,805 (8.0) | |
Unknown | 1,176 (0.6) | 899 (0.6) | 277 (0.6) | |
Married | ||||
No | 12,962 (6.8) | 7,165 (5.0) | 5,797 (12.2) | < 0.001 |
Yes | 161,882 (85.0) | 123,394 (86.3) | 38,488 (81.0) | |
Unknown | 15,701 (8.2) | 12,459 (8.7) | 3,242 (6.8) | |
Insurance | ||||
Medicaid | 9,608 (5.0) | 2,896 (2.0) | 6,712 (14.1) | < 0.001 |
Private | 173,223 (90.9) | 135,369 (94.7) | 37,854 (79.6) | |
Self-pay | 2,449 (1.3) | 1,605 (1.1) | 844 (1.8) | |
Other | 4,607 (2.4) | 2,747 (1.9) | 1,860 (3.9) | |
Unknown | 658 (0.3) | 401 (0.3) | 257 (0.5) | |
Prenatal Care | ||||
No | 395 (0.2) | 256 (0.2) | 139 (0.3) | < 0.001 |
Yes | 187,065 (98.2) | 140,453 (98.2) | 46,612 (98.1) | |
Unknown | 3,085 (1.6) | 2,309 (1.6) | 776 (1.6) | |
Smoking during pregnancy | ||||
No | 189,045 (99.2) | 142,566 (99.7) | 46,479 (97.8) | < 0.001 |
Yes | 1,168 (0.6) | 238 (0.2) | 930 (2.0) | |
Unknown Pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m2) | 332 (0.2) | 214 (0.1) | 118 (0.2) | |
Mean (SD) | 26.7 (10.2) | 26.1 (10.1) | 28.6 (10.5) | |
Underweight (< 18.5) | 4,605 (2.4) | 3,665 (2.6) | 940 (2.0) | < 0.001 |
Normal weight (18.5–24.9) | 98,989 (52.0) | 80,701 (56.4) | 18,288 (38.5) | |
Overweight (25.0-29.9) | 47,545 (25.0) | 34,349 (24.0) | 13,196 (27.8) | |
Obesity I (30.0-34.9) | 21,672 (11.4) | 13,865 (9.7) | 7,807 (16.4) | |
Obesity II (35.0-39.9) | 9,835 (5.2) | 5,746 (4.0) | 4,089 (8.6) | |
Extreme Obesity III (≥ 40.0) | 5,383 (2.8) | 2,794 (2.0) | 2,589 (5.4) | |
Unknown | 2,516 (1.3) | 1,898 (1.3) | 618 (1.3) | |
Prior preterm delivery | ||||
No | 185,139 (97.2) | 139,412 (97.5) | 45,727 (96.2) | < 0.001 |
Yes Gestational Age at Delivery | 5,406 (2.8) | 3,606 (2.5) | 1,800 (3.8) | |
Mean (SD) | 38.7 (1.9) | 38.7 (1.9) | 38.5 (2.1) | |
24–36 weeks | 15,748 (8.3) | 11,254 (7.9) | 4,494 (9.5) | |
37–41 weeks | 174,797 (91.7) | 131,764 (92.1) | 43,033 (90.5) | |
Infant sex | ||||
Female | 93,647 (49.1) | 70,569 (49.3) | 23,078 (48.6) | 0.003 |
Male | 96,898 (50.9) | 72,449 (50.7) | 24,449 (51.4) | |
Route of delivery | ||||
Cesarean | 80,649 (42.3) | 60,890 (42.6) | 19,759 (41.6) | < 0.001 |
Operative vaginal | 10,183 (5.3) | 7,952 (5.6) | 2,231 (4.7) | |
Spontaneous vaginal | 99,671 (52.3) | 74,145 (51.8) | 25,526 (53.7) | |
Unknown | 42 (0.0) | 31 (0.0) | 11 (0.0) | |
Delivery year | ||||
2016 | 33,051 (17.3) | 24,343 (17.0) | 8,708 (18.3) | < 0.001 |
2017 | 36,607 (19.2) | 27,421 (19.2) | 9,186 (19.3) | |
2018 | 38,713 (20.3) | 29,039 (20.3) | 9,674 (20.4) | |
2019 | 41,278 (21.7) | 31,081 (21.7) | 10,197 (21.5) | |
2020 | 40,896 (21.5) | 31,134 (21.8) | 9,762 (20.5) |