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Table 3 Bivariate analysis of neonatal outcomes

From: Maternal predictors of neonatal outcomes after emergency cesarean section: a retrospective study in three rural district hospitals in Rwanda

 

Alive and APGAR ≥ 7 (N = 401)

Died, or APGAR < 7 (N = 40)

 
 

n

%

n

%

p-value

District hospital

 Butaro

147

91.3

14

8.7

0.486

 Kirehe

128

92.2

10

7.2

 Rwinkwavu

125

88.7

16

11.3

Mother’s age group

(N = 395)

  

 15–24

163

92.6

13

7.4

0.392

 25–34

171

90.5

18

9.5

 35+

61

87.1

9

12.9

Number of prior pregnancies

 

(N = 37)

 

 0

162

92.1

14

87.9

0.057

 1–3

172

94.0

11

6.0

 4+

67

84.8

12

15.2

History of prior cesarean section

(N = 320)

(N = 29)

 

 No

199

90.5

21

9.5

0.320

 Yes

121

93.8

8

6.2

Mother’s marital status

(N = 371)

(N = 33)

 

 Single

28

87.5

4

12.5

0.317

 Ever married

343

92.2

29

7.8

Mother’s weight

(N = 333)

(N = 32)

 

  ≤ 50 kg

21

87.5

3

12.5

0.060

 51–80 kg

303

92.1

31

7.9

  > 80 kg

9

75.0

3

25.0

Occupation

(N = 372)

(N = 37)

 

 Farmer

338

90.6

35

9.3

0.261

 Employed

22

100.0

0

0.0

 Unemployed

12

85.7

2

14.3

Insurance

(N = 379)

(N = 36)

 

 Community based health insurance

344

91.2

33

8.8

>0.999

 Private insurance

24

92.3

2

7.7

 None

11

91.7

1

8.3

Travel time from health center to the hospitalc

(N = 321)

(N = 37)

 

 Health center attached to the hospital

88

96.7

5

3.3

0.022

 30–60 min

178

89.0

22

11.0

  > 60 min

55

84.6

10

15.4

Number of fetuses

 

(N = 39)

 

 1

368

91.5

33

8.5

0.148

 2

33

84.6

6

15.4

Gestational age

   

  < 38 weeks

54

91.5

5

8.5

0.936

 38–42 weeks

262

92.2

22

7.8

  > 42 weeks

85

86.7

13

13.3

Duration of contractions prior to admission

(N = 258)

(N = 21)

 

  ≤ 12 h

75

90.4

8

9.6

0.656

 13–24 h

106

93.8

7

6.2

  > 24 h

77

92.8

6

7.2

Maternal blood pressure at admission (SBP/DBP)

(N = 365)

(N = 32)

 

 Hypotension (<90/<50)

2

100.0

0

0.0

0.374

 Normal (90–140/50–90)

340

92.4

28

7.6

 Hypertension (>140/>90)

23

85.2

4

14.8

Oxygen saturation on admission

(N = 195)

(N = 21)

 

 Low saturation (≤94%)

6

85.7

1

14.3

0.516

 Normal saturation (>94%)

189

90.4

20

9.6

Hemoglobin level (grams/deciliter)

(N = 254)

(N = 31)

 

 Low (<12)

42

87.5

6

12.5

0.582

 Normal (12–16)

207

89.6

24

10.4

 Above range (>16)

5

83.3

1

16.7

Severity of cesarean section indication

 Very severe indicationa

158

87.8

22

12.2

0.064

 Severe indicationb

243

93.1

18

6.9

  1. SBP Systolic blood pressure
  2. DBP Diastolic blood pressure
  3. aVery severe indication included intrauterine rupture, fetal distress, cord prolapse and abruptio placentae
  4. bSevere indication was defined as preeclampsia, prolonged rupture of membranes, cephalo-pelvic disproportion, prolonged labor and mal-presentation
  5. cTravel time measured as average number of minutes for ambulance to travel from the health center to the district hospital
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Maternal Health, Neonatology and Perinatology

ISSN: 2054-958X

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