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Table 2 Correlation between maternal mortality ratio and health and health related indicators among developing countries, 2008–16

From: Correlates of maternal mortality in developing countries: an ecological study in 82 countries

Indicators

N

r

p value

Maternal mortality (deaths per 100, 000 live births)

82

1

 

Socio-economic variables

 GNI per capital (atlas method)

78

−0.586

<0.001

 Unemployment rate

72

0.035

0.75

 Health expenditure (% of GDP)

79

−0.077

0.48

 Adult Literacy rate (%)

76

−0.47

<0.001

 Early marriage (%)

65

0.64

<0.001

Health care system related variables

 Antenatal care coverage (%)

75

−0.65

<0.001

 Skilled delivery coverage (%)

76

−0.78

<0.001

 Contraceptive Prevalence Rate (%)

75

−0.424

<0.001

 Unmet need prevalence (%)

69

0.33

0.002

 Total fertility per a women

82

0.72

<0.001

 Crude birth rate per 1000

80

0.73

<0.001

 Ratio of Physician to 1000 population

56

−0.506

<0.001

 Ratio of Nurse and Midwife to 1000 population

66

−0.45

<0.001

 Improved water coverage (%)

79

−0.32

0.003

 Improved sanitation coverage (%)

80

−0.678

<0.001

Disease burden related variables

 TB incidence rate per 100, 000 population

82

0.242

0.027

 HIV incidence rate (15–49 years)

64

0.19

0.08

 Anemia during pregnancy prevalence (%)

80

0.48

<0.001