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Maternal Health, Neonatology and Perinatology

Table 1 Background Characteristics and choice of skilled providers of ANC

From: Determinants of choice of skilled antenatal care service providers in Ghana: analysis of demographic and health survey

Background characteristic	Years
	1988	1993	1998	2003	2008	2014
	n = 2701	n = 1974	n = 2374	n = 2743	n = 2131	n = 4294
National	45.0	60.6	68.7	90.8	84.9	87.7
Age
15–19	38.9	62.8	74.5	91.9	81.0	94.0
20–24	40.4	63.3	73.7	93.9	84.2	89.2
25–29	41.3	61.9	72.9	92.4	90.2	91.3
30–34	50.3	61.4	71.2	91.5	88.2	91.5
35–39	48.7	57.7	69.4	92.2	87.8	91.2
40–44	53.1	53.9	63.9	88.4	81.5	89.6
45–49	49.1	37.5	51.9	89.9	82.8	77.3
Ecological Zone
Coastal Zone	48.9	66.6	75.4	93.6	87.1	91.7
Forest Zone	38.1	62.0	70.1	94.6	93.5	95.6
Savannah zone	52.3	47.9	59.2	84.7	74.5	77.9
Place of Residence
Urban	43.1	75.4	83.1	97.6	94.1	95.7
Rural	45.7	54.7	66.4	88.8	81.9	86.0
Level of Education
No education	48.8	50.8	63.2	86.2	77.7	81.4
Primary	41.3	65.1	75.8	92.3	85.9	89.7
Secondary	47.6	85.7	74.6	97.4	93.1	94.9
Higher	58.8	93.3	84.8	100.0	99.3	98.8
Wealth Status
Poorest	–	64.3	66.7	83.4	71.9	78.2
Poorer	–	57.9	70.9	91.3	83.4	88.0
Middle	–	58.0	70.1	94.9	92.1	93.0
Richer	–	59.5	71.1	95.1	94.1	96.1
Richest	–	62.8	72.8	98.7	97.5	98.7
Marital Status
Single	53.8	57.6	71.7	91.1	87.7	92.0
Married	43.3	60.9	70.6	91.8	86.7	90.8
Cohabitation	51.2	60.7	71.1	94.6	86.4	88.7
Parity
One birth	42.7	68.8	78.0	94.7	90.5	94.1
Two births	42.0	62.7	72.5	94.0	88.5	92.6
Three births	44.7	63.1	72.8	92.4	88.4	91.4
Four or more births	47.1	54.9	65.5	89.5	83.2	87.0
Ethnicity
Akan	41.5	63.0	73.9	94.7	93.1	94.3
Ga/Dangme	54.0	80.5	79.9	93.9	92.3	93.5
Ewe	43.7	62.1	73.5	92.6	81.7	92.8
Northern Ethnic Group	48.5	51.5	60.1	86.5	79.2	83.1
Other	52.1	62.5	61.2	90.6	82.1	91.9
Occupation
Not working	44.1	63.2	66.0	90.5	89.4	91.4
Working	45.8	59.9	71.5	92.2	86.5	90.4

Source: Computed from GDHS 1988, 1993, 1998, 2003, 2008 and 2014

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