Table 1 Background Characteristics and choice of skilled providers of ANC
Background characteristic | Years | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1988 | 1993 | 1998 | 2003 | 2008 | 2014 | |
n = 2701 | n = 1974 | n = 2374 | n = 2743 | n = 2131 | n = 4294 | |
National | 45.0 | 60.6 | 68.7 | 90.8 | 84.9 | 87.7 |
Age | ||||||
15–19 | 38.9 | 62.8 | 74.5 | 91.9 | 81.0 | 94.0 |
20–24 | 40.4 | 63.3 | 73.7 | 93.9 | 84.2 | 89.2 |
25–29 | 41.3 | 61.9 | 72.9 | 92.4 | 90.2 | 91.3 |
30–34 | 50.3 | 61.4 | 71.2 | 91.5 | 88.2 | 91.5 |
35–39 | 48.7 | 57.7 | 69.4 | 92.2 | 87.8 | 91.2 |
40–44 | 53.1 | 53.9 | 63.9 | 88.4 | 81.5 | 89.6 |
45–49 | 49.1 | 37.5 | 51.9 | 89.9 | 82.8 | 77.3 |
Ecological Zone | ||||||
Coastal Zone | 48.9 | 66.6 | 75.4 | 93.6 | 87.1 | 91.7 |
Forest Zone | 38.1 | 62.0 | 70.1 | 94.6 | 93.5 | 95.6 |
Savannah zone | 52.3 | 47.9 | 59.2 | 84.7 | 74.5 | 77.9 |
Place of Residence | ||||||
Urban | 43.1 | 75.4 | 83.1 | 97.6 | 94.1 | 95.7 |
Rural | 45.7 | 54.7 | 66.4 | 88.8 | 81.9 | 86.0 |
Level of Education | ||||||
No education | 48.8 | 50.8 | 63.2 | 86.2 | 77.7 | 81.4 |
Primary | 41.3 | 65.1 | 75.8 | 92.3 | 85.9 | 89.7 |
Secondary | 47.6 | 85.7 | 74.6 | 97.4 | 93.1 | 94.9 |
Higher | 58.8 | 93.3 | 84.8 | 100.0 | 99.3 | 98.8 |
Wealth Status | ||||||
Poorest | – | 64.3 | 66.7 | 83.4 | 71.9 | 78.2 |
Poorer | – | 57.9 | 70.9 | 91.3 | 83.4 | 88.0 |
Middle | – | 58.0 | 70.1 | 94.9 | 92.1 | 93.0 |
Richer | – | 59.5 | 71.1 | 95.1 | 94.1 | 96.1 |
Richest | – | 62.8 | 72.8 | 98.7 | 97.5 | 98.7 |
Marital Status | ||||||
Single | 53.8 | 57.6 | 71.7 | 91.1 | 87.7 | 92.0 |
Married | 43.3 | 60.9 | 70.6 | 91.8 | 86.7 | 90.8 |
Cohabitation | 51.2 | 60.7 | 71.1 | 94.6 | 86.4 | 88.7 |
Parity | ||||||
One birth | 42.7 | 68.8 | 78.0 | 94.7 | 90.5 | 94.1 |
Two births | 42.0 | 62.7 | 72.5 | 94.0 | 88.5 | 92.6 |
Three births | 44.7 | 63.1 | 72.8 | 92.4 | 88.4 | 91.4 |
Four or more births | 47.1 | 54.9 | 65.5 | 89.5 | 83.2 | 87.0 |
Ethnicity | ||||||
Akan | 41.5 | 63.0 | 73.9 | 94.7 | 93.1 | 94.3 |
Ga/Dangme | 54.0 | 80.5 | 79.9 | 93.9 | 92.3 | 93.5 |
Ewe | 43.7 | 62.1 | 73.5 | 92.6 | 81.7 | 92.8 |
Northern Ethnic Group | 48.5 | 51.5 | 60.1 | 86.5 | 79.2 | 83.1 |
Other | 52.1 | 62.5 | 61.2 | 90.6 | 82.1 | 91.9 |
Occupation | ||||||
Not working | 44.1 | 63.2 | 66.0 | 90.5 | 89.4 | 91.4 |
Working | 45.8 | 59.9 | 71.5 | 92.2 | 86.5 | 90.4 |