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Table 2 Logistic Regression on Choice of Antenatal Care Services Provided by Skilled Providers from 1988 to 2014
| Variable | Odds ratio (OR) | Confidence Interval (CI) |
|---|---|---|
| Age | ||
| 15–19 | 1.41 | 0.77–2.59 |
| 20–24 | Ref | Ref |
| 25–29 | 1.24 | 0.89–1.73 |
| 30–34 | 1.31 | 0.83–1.82 |
| 35–39 | 1.31 | 0.86–2.02 |
| 40–44 | 1.12 | 0.70–1.80 |
| 45–49 | 0.83 | 0.48–1.45 |
| Ecological Zone | ||
| Coastal zone | Ref | Ref |
| Forest zone | 2.78*** | 2.02–3.83 |
| Savannah zone | 1.15 | 0.79–1.67 |
| Ethnicity | ||
| Akan | Ref | Ref |
| Ga/Dangme | 0.85 | 0.48–1.53 |
| Ewe | 1.06 | 0.72–1.57 |
| Northern ethnic group | 0.63* | 0.44–0.92 |
| Other | 1.38 | 0.52–3.66 |
| Level of Education | ||
| No education | Ref | Ref |
| Primary | 1.37* | 1.04–1.80 |
| Secondary | 1.42* | 1.07–1.88 |
| Higher | 3.41 | 0.52–3.66 |
| Occupation | ||
| Not working | Ref | Ref |
| Working | 1.15 | 0.87–1.50 |
| Marital status | ||
| Single | Ref | Ref |
| Married | 1.28 | 0.93–1.76 |
| Cohabitation | 0.78 | 0.55–1.11 |
| Wealth status | ||
| Poorest | Ref | Ref |
| Poorer | 1.33* | 1.01–1.76 |
| Middle | 1.83** | 1.27–2.65 |
| Richer | 2.03** | 1.26–3.26 |
| Richest | 5.19*** | 2.28–11.85 |
| Place of Residence | ||
| Urban | Ref | Ref |
| Rural | 0.55*** | 0.41–0.74 |
| Parity | ||
| One birth | Ref | Ref |
| Two births | 0.79 | 0.54–1.16 |
| Three births | 0.67* | 0.44–1.00 |
| Four births or more | 0.55** | 0.36–0.85 |
| Survey wave years | ||
| 1988 | Ref | Ref |
| 1993 | 5.98*** | 5.21–6.87 |
| 1998 | 6.13*** | 5.39–6.99 |
| 2003 | 10.54*** | 9.12–12.19 |
| 2008 | 7.79*** | 6.73–9.01 |
| 2014 | 30.4*** | 25.39–36.43 |
