Table 2 Logistic Regression on Choice of Antenatal Care Services Provided by Skilled Providers from 1988 to 2014
Variable | Odds ratio (OR) | Confidence Interval (CI) |
|---|---|---|
Age | ||
15–19 | 1.41 | 0.77–2.59 |
20–24 | Ref | Ref |
25–29 | 1.24 | 0.89–1.73 |
30–34 | 1.31 | 0.83–1.82 |
35–39 | 1.31 | 0.86–2.02 |
40–44 | 1.12 | 0.70–1.80 |
45–49 | 0.83 | 0.48–1.45 |
Ecological Zone | ||
Coastal zone | Ref | Ref |
Forest zone | 2.78*** | 2.02–3.83 |
Savannah zone | 1.15 | 0.79–1.67 |
Ethnicity | ||
Akan | Ref | Ref |
Ga/Dangme | 0.85 | 0.48–1.53 |
Ewe | 1.06 | 0.72–1.57 |
Northern ethnic group | 0.63* | 0.44–0.92 |
Other | 1.38 | 0.52–3.66 |
Level of Education | ||
No education | Ref | Ref |
Primary | 1.37* | 1.04–1.80 |
Secondary | 1.42* | 1.07–1.88 |
Higher | 3.41 | 0.52–3.66 |
Occupation | ||
Not working | Ref | Ref |
Working | 1.15 | 0.87–1.50 |
Marital status | ||
Single | Ref | Ref |
Married | 1.28 | 0.93–1.76 |
Cohabitation | 0.78 | 0.55–1.11 |
Wealth status | ||
Poorest | Ref | Ref |
Poorer | 1.33* | 1.01–1.76 |
Middle | 1.83** | 1.27–2.65 |
Richer | 2.03** | 1.26–3.26 |
Richest | 5.19*** | 2.28–11.85 |
Place of Residence | ||
Urban | Ref | Ref |
Rural | 0.55*** | 0.41–0.74 |
Parity | ||
One birth | Ref | Ref |
Two births | 0.79 | 0.54–1.16 |
Three births | 0.67* | 0.44–1.00 |
Four births or more | 0.55** | 0.36–0.85 |
Survey wave years | ||
1988 | Ref | Ref |
1993 | 5.98*** | 5.21–6.87 |
1998 | 6.13*** | 5.39–6.99 |
2003 | 10.54*** | 9.12–12.19 |
2008 | 7.79*** | 6.73–9.01 |
2014 | 30.4*** | 25.39–36.43 |