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Table 1 Total number of low birth weight infants and prevalence according to maternal characteristics and perinatal health behaviors in California for the period 2005–2014

From: Recent trends, risk factors, and disparities in low birth weight in California, 2005–2014: a retrospective study

Year

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

Number of low birth weight infants

37,603

38,460

38,867

37,580

35,774

34,624

33,956

33,657

33,718

33,447

Percentage of low birth weight infants

6.9

6.8

6.9

6.8

6.8

6.8

6.8

6.7

6.8

6.7

Variable

Maternal age (years)

 < 20

7.7

7.4

7.6

7.5

7.4

7.5

7.3

7.1

7.4

7.2

 20–24

6.3

6.2

6.3

6.2

6.1

6.2

6.2

6.2

6.4

6.4

 25–29

6.2

6.1

6.1

6.0

6.1

6.0

6.0

6.0

6.1

5.9

 30–34

6.6

6.7

6.7

6.6

6.6

6.6

6.5

6.5

6.6

6.4

 35–39

7.9

7.9

8.0

8.0

7.8

7.8

7.9

7.7

7.7

7.6

 40–54

11.3

11.2

11.0

11.4

11.2

11.1

11.0

10.4

10.9

10.5

Maternal race and ethnicity

 Hispanic

6.2

6.3

6.3

6.1

6.2

6.2

6.2

6.1

6.4

6.3

 White

6.5

6.3

6.4

6.4

6.2

6.1

6.1

5.7

6.0

5.7

 Asian

7.6

7.7

7.6

7.8

8.1

7.9

7.9

7.9

7.7

7.2

 Pacific Islander

7.2

7.5

6.9

6.9

6.3

7.1

7.3

6.5

6.4

6.6

 African American

12.8

12.2

12.1

12.4

12.0

12.2

11.8

12.0

11.7

11.8

 Multiple race

7.8

7.6

7.8

7.0

7.6

7.7

7.1

7.5

7.3

7.6

 American Indian

6.6

6.7

7.5

7.6

6.4

6.8

6.2

6.6

7.0

6.3

 Other/unknown

9.1

9.6

10.2

10.0

9.3

10.0

10.1

9.8

10.2

10.0

Maternal education level

 Less than high school diploma

6.6

6.7

6.6

6.5

6.6

6.7

6.6

6.5

6.8

6.9

 High school diploma

7.0

6.8

6.7

6.8

6.6

6.6

6.7

6.5

6.7

6.6

 Some college or associate degree

6.9

6.9

7.0

6.9

6.7

6.9

6.8

6.7

6.9

6.7

 Bachelor’s degree or higher

6.8

6.9

7.0

6.9

6.9

6.7

6.6

6.6

6.5

6.2

 Unknown

8.2

8.7

8.6

9.0

8.6

8.6

8.9

8.7

9.1

8.8

Maternal nativity

 Foreign-born

6.2

6.3

6.4

6.3

6.4

6.4

6.5

6.5

6.6

6.5

 United States-born

7.4

7.3

7.3

7.3

7.1

7.1

7.0

6.8

6.9

6.8

Maternal demographic region

 Central Coast

6.4

6.3

6.1

6.2

6.0

5.8

6.1

5.9

6.2

6.0

 Greater Bay Area

6.8

6.9

6.7

6.7

6.8

6.8

6.9

6.9

7.0

6.7

 Inland Empire

6.9

6.7

6.9

6.9

6.8

6.8

6.7

6.9

7.1

6.8

 Los Angeles County

7.3

7.4

7.4

7.3

7.2

7.3

7.1

6.9

7.0

6.9

 Northern and Sierra

6.4

5.9

6.1

6.0

5.4

5.7

6.0

5.8

6.4

6.3

 Orange County

6.4

6.4

6.5

6.4

6.6

6.4

6.7

6.3

6.2

6.3

 Sacramento area

7.1

7.2

7.1

6.7

6.8

7.2

7.0

6.9

6.8

7.1

 San Diego area

6.7

6.5

6.9

6.6

6.6

6.4

6.4

6.3

6.4

6.4

 San Joaquin Valley

6.7

6.8

6.8

7.0

6.9

7.0

6.9

6.8

7.1

6.9

Source of prenatal care payment

 Private

6.8

6.8

6.9

6.9

6.8

6.8

6.9

6.7

6.8

6.6

 Medi-Cal

6.7

6.7

6.7

6.6

6.6

6.6

6.6

6.6

6.8

6.8

First trimester prenatal care initiation

 Yes

6.7

6.7

6.8

6.8

6.7

6.7

6.7

6.6

6.8

6.6

 No

7.6

7.2

6.8

6.6

6.7

6.8

6.8

6.7

6.7

6.8

Parity

 Primiparous

7.2

7.1

7.2

7.1

7.1

7.1

7.1

7.0

7.1

6.9

 Multiparous (2–5)

6.5

6.5

6.5

6.5

6.4

6.4

6.4

6.4

6.5

6.4

 Multiparous (6–12)

11.1

10.3

10.4

10.4

10.3

10.4

9.9

9.7

10.3

10.5

Plurality

 Singleton births

5.2

5.2

5.3

5.2

5.2

5.3

5.2

5.2

5.3

5.1

 Multiple births

56.9

57.1

56.8

56.0

55.4

54.6

54.7

53.8

53.6

52.7

Maternal smoking during both first and second trimesters

 No

N/A

N/A

6.8

6.7

6.7

6.7

6.7

6.6

6.7

6.6

 Yes

N/A

N/A

11.3

11.2

11.6

11.4

11.9

12.3

12.5

12.6

Prepregnancy body mass index (kg/m2)

 Underweight (≤18.5)

N/A

N/A

9.5

9.7

9.7

9.5

9.3

8.8

9.2

9.2

 Normal (18.5–24.9)

N/A

N/A

6.7

6.8

6.7

6.7

6.7

6.6

6.8

6.5

 Overweight (25.0–29.9)

N/A

N/A

6.3

6.1

6.0

6.2

6.3

6.3

6.3

6.3

 Obese I (30.0–34.9)

N/A

N/A

6.6

6.3

6.5

6.7

6.5

6.2

6.5

6.7

 Obese II (35.0–39.9)

N/A

N/A

6.8

6.9

7.0

6.6

6.2

6.9

6.8

6.6

 Obese III (≥ 40)

N/A

N/A

6.9

7.0

6.5

7.3

6.6

6.9

7.2

6.7

  1. All values are given as percentages, except for the number of low birth weight infants
  2. N/A = Maternal smoking status and the variables needed to compute prepregnancy body mass index were not recorded during 2005 or 2006
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Maternal Health, Neonatology and Perinatology

ISSN: 2054-958X

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