|
Early Feeding Skills (EFS) [27, 28]
|
Assess oral feeding skills; Clinician-reported (Training available, but not required)
|
Preterm and term infants birth to 52 weeks post-menstrual age.
|
19 items on revised version; Respiratory Regulation, Oral-Motor Function, Swallowing Coordination, Engagement, Physiologic Stability
|
+
|
+
|
NR
|
*
|
+
|
|
Acceptable internal consistency reliability (Cronbach’s α = .81) [28]. Inter-rater reliability reported as acceptable between trained clinicians.
|
* Item generation consistent with content validity, but not tested [27]. Construct validity with the Infant Drive Feeding Scale – Quality (r = −.18- - .73; p < .05) [28].
|
|
Neonatal Oral Motor Assessment Scale (NOMAS) [29]
|
Describe disorganized and dysfunctional sucking patterns; Clinician-reported (Training Required)
|
Preterm infants and those with complex medical conditions.
|
28 items; Jaw and tongue movement and function
|
+
|
+
|
+/−
|
NR
|
+/−
|
|
Internal consistency reliability acceptable [30]. Inter-rater reliability acceptable after scoring system change (k = .78–.9) [31]. Test-retest inconsistent (k = .33–.94 and r = .23–.57) [32, 33].
|
Inconsistent evidence of construct validity with related constructs across studies [32, 34, 35].
|
