Sub group | Number of studies | PMR (95% CI) | Standard error | P-value (P) | Extent of heterogeneity | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
I2 | Q- stat | P-value (P) | |||||
Region | |||||||
 E. Africa | 5 | 49.88 (28.60, 71.18) | 10.86 | < 0.0001 | 99.99 | 47,751 | < 0.0001 |
 S. Africa | 2 | 56.00 (22.33, 89.67) | 17.18 | < 0.001 | 99.96 | 2893 | < 0.0001 |
 W. Africa | 7 | 65.07 (47.07, 83.07) | 9.18 | < 0.0001 | 99.99 | 79,902 | < 0.0001 |
Setting | |||||||
 CB | 5 | 58.64 (37.22, 80.06) | 10.93 | < 0.0001 | 99.99 | 70,302 | < 0.0001 |
 FB | 7 | 64.09 (46.00, 82.20) | 9.24 | <  0.0001 | 99.99 | 58,306 | < 0.0001 |
 PB | 2 | 37.50 (3.63, 71.36) | 17.28 | < 0.03 | 99.17 | 120 | < 0.0001 |
Design | |||||||
 CS | 8 | 68.82 (53.83, 83.81) | 7.65 | < 0.0001 | 99.99 | 79,476 | < 0.0001 |
 CC | 2 | 28.55 (−1.43, 58.53) | 15.30 | > 0.062 | 99.88 | 834 | <  0.0001 |
 Co | 4 | 52.30 (31.10, 73.50) | 10.82 | < 0.0001 | 99.98 | 19,084 | < 0.0001 |