Table 1 Baseline Characteristics of Participants (N = 138)

 Maternal age

30.5

(5.0)

31.1

(5.0)

  primipara

24

(35.3)

21

(30.0)

  multipara

44

(64.7)

49

(70.0)

 Anemia (Hb < 11.0 g/dl)

32

(47.1)

37

(52.9)

 Blood type O (all Rh +)

17

(25.0)

16

(22.9)

 History of photo therapy (only for multipara; n = 93,DCC = 44,ECC = 49)

7

(10.3)

7

(10.0)

  male

34

(50.0)

36

(51.4)

  female

34

(50.0)

34

(48.6)

  37w

8

(11.8)

0

(0.0)

  38w

5

(7.4)

13

(18.6)

  39w

34

(50.0)

26

(37.1)

  40w

17

(25.0)

23

(32.9)

  41w

4

(5.9)

8

(11.4)

 Low birth weight (≧2500 g)

3

(4.4)

6

(8.6)

 Maximum weight loss (%) (n = 134,DCC = 67,ECC = 67)

7.5

(1.8)

7.1

(1.7)

 Meconium was not excreted at day 4 (n = 109, DCC = 54 ECC = 55)

25

(46.3)

28

(50.9)

 Increased weight 0-4mths (g)

3603

(595.0)

3701

(685.1)

  Duration of delivery

507

(372.1)

509

(381.7)

  Instrumental delivery

3

(4.4)

0

(0)

   Use of oxytocine (induction of labor)

4

(5.9)

7

(10.0)

   Use of oxytocine immidiately after birth

57

(83.8)

54

(77.1)

  Duration of third stage of labor (mins)

9.2

(5.9)

8.2

(5.2)

  Placenta (g)

569

(80.4)

563

(85.7)

  Apgar score (1 min) less than7

1

(1.5)

3

(4.3)

  Apgar score (5 min) less than7

0

(0)

0

(0)

  Cephelohematoma

0

(0)

2

(2.9)

  exclusive breast feeding

40

(59.7)

48

(70.6)

  mixed

27

(40.3)

20

(29.4)

  formula milk

0

(0)

0

(0)

  exclusive breast feeding

50

(74.6)

53

(75.7)

  mixed

17

(25.4)

17

(24.3)

  formula milk

0

(0)

0

(0)

  exclusive breast feeding

54

(80.6)

61

(87.1)

  mixed

11

(16.4)

7

(10.0)

  formula milk

2

(3.0)

2

(2.9)

  Weaning food (4 month)

0

(0)

0

(0)