Table 5 Chi-square test of the factors contributing to a high EPDS score in the women without mental disorder
High-score group EPDS ≥ 9 (N = 238) | Low-score group EPDS ≤ 8 (N = 1302) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | % | N | % | P-value* | Chi-square statistic | ||
Maternal | Young pregnant women (≤ 19) | 4 | 1.7 | 17 | 1.3 | 0.646 | 0.21 |
Advanced maternal age (≥ 40) | 26 | 10.9 | 116 | 8.9 | 0.333 | 0.98 | |
Primipara | 135 | 56.7 | 655 | 50.3 | 0.069 | 3.32 | |
Multiple pregnancy | 2 | 0.8 | 20 | 1.5 | 0.406 | 0.69 | |
Pregnancy complication | 136 | 57.1 | 746 | 57.3 | 0.965 | 0.002 | |
Maternal underlying disease | 107 | 45.0 | 552 | 42.4 | 0.463 | 0.54 | |
Maternal transport | 38 | 16.0 | 253 | 19.4 | 0.209 | 1.56 | |
Birth | Preterm birth | 39 | 16.4 | 271 | 20.8 | 0.117 | 2.45 |
Urgent cesarean section | 61 | 25.6 | 323 | 24.8 | 0.787 | 0.07 | |
Neonate | Low birth weight (< 2500 g) | 60 | 25.2 | 309 | 23.7 | 0.623 | 0.24 |
Light for date | 24 | 10.1 | 85 | 6.5 | 0.049 | 3.87 | |
Hospitalization to NICU | 135 | 56.7 | 716 | 55.0 | 0.622 | 0.24 | |
Neonatal transport | 5 | 2.1 | 7 | 0.5 | 0.012 | 6.36 | |
Lactation | Exclusive breastfeeding | 73 | 30.7 | 571 | 43.9 | 0.000 | 14.40 |
Bottle-feeding | 28 | 11.8 | 84 | 6.5 | 0.004 | 8.45 | |
Social | No partner | 7 | 2.9 | 19 | 1.5 | 0.103 | 2.66 |
Welfare | 2 | 0.8 | 2 | 0.2 | 0.056 | 3.66 | |
Late visit | 7 | 2.9 | 9 | 0.7 | 0.002 | 9.91 | |