From: Surgical site infections after cesarean delivery: epidemiology, prevention and treatment
 | Wound infection | Endometritis | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Variables | RR or OR | References | RR or OR | References |
Preoperative elements | ||||
 First generation cephalosporin vs. none | 0.38 | 34 | 0.42 | 34 |
 First generation cephalosporin prior to skin incision vs. after cord clamp | 0.7 | 11, 35-38 | 0.21-0.61 | 11, 35-38 |
 First generation cephalosporin 2 g vs. 3 g in morbidly obese women | NS | 40 | - | - |
 Azithromycin | ||||
  In labor | 0.35 | 9 | 0.62 | 9 |
  Non labor | - | - | 0.11 | 41 |
 Chlorhexidine alcohol skin preparation vs. iodine | 0.55 | 42, 43 | NS | 42 |
 Razor hair removal vs. clippers | 2.1 | 44 | - | - |
 Vaginal cleansing | ||||
  Chlorhexidine vs none | NS | 45 | 0.2 | 45 |
  Iodine vs none | NS | 10, 18, 46, 47 | 0.39 | 10, 18, 46, 47 |
   In labor | NS | 47 | NS | 47 |
   Not in labor | NS | 47 | NS | 47 |
   Ruptured membranes | NS | 46, 47 | 0.13 | 46, 47 |
   Intact membranes | NS | 47 | NS | 47 |
Intraoperative elements | ||||
 Uterine exteriorization | NS | 49 | NS | 49 |
 Manual removal of placneta vs. traction of umbilical cord | - | - | 1.4-1.6 | 50, 51 |
 Intraabdominal irrigation | NS | 53 | NS | 52, 53 |
 Closure of subcutaneous tissue if >2 cma | NS | 54 | - | - |
 Subcutaneous drain | NS | 55, 56 | - | - |
 Suture skin closure vs. stapleb | NS | 6, 57, 58 | - | - |
Postoperative elements | ||||
 Dressing removal between 24 and 48 h vs. 6 h | NS | 7 | - | - |