Table 2 Maternal demographics, health history, and birth metrics in relation to maternal leukocyte telomere length (LTL)
Variable | N (%) or Mean+/-SD | Mean T/S Ratio ± SD | p value | Pearson R (p value) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Total Sample | 58 | 1.53 ± 0.26 |  |  |
Maternal Demographics | ||||
 Maternal Latina Ethnicity | ||||
  Mexican/Central American | 39 (78.00%) | 1.51 ± 0.25 | 0.23 |  |
  South America /Caribbean/Spain/Portugal | 11 (19.30%) | 1.63 ± 0.30 |  |  |
 Maternal High School | ||||
  Not high school graduate | 16 (27.59%) | 1.45 ± 0.16 | 0.10 |  |
  High school graduate | 42 (72.41%) | 1.58 ± 0.28 |  |  |
 Maternal Education | ||||
  Less than high school | 16 (27.59%) | 1.45 ± 0.16 | 0.15 |  |
  High school graduate/General Educational Development Test (GED) only | 20 (34.48%) | 1.62 ± 0.32 |  |  |
  Bachelor's/Associate's degree | 22 (37.93%) | 1.53 ± 0.24 |  |  |
 Maternal Age | 32.78 ± 7.00 |  | 0.32 | -0.30 (0.20) |
   ≤ 35 years | 39 (67.24%) | 1.56 ± 0.28 |  |  |
   > 35 years | 19 (32.76%) | 1.49 ± 0.22 |  |  |
 Marital Status | ||||
  Married | 32 (55.17%) | 1.52 ± 0.21 | 0.72 |  |
  Single/Other | 5 (8.62%) | 1.53 ± 0.17 |  |  |
  Living with Partner | 21 (36.21%) | 1.58 ± 0.33 |  |  |
Maternal Health History | ||||
 Maternal Diabetes | ||||
  Diabetes mellitus (including gestational) | 11 (19.00%) | 1.57 ± 0.34 | 0.73 |  |
  No diabetes mellitus (or gestational) | 47 (81.00%) | 1.53 ± 0.24 |  |  |
 Smoking | ||||
  Any smoking | 8 (13.80%) | 1.44 ± 0.16 | 0.26 |  |
  No smoking | 50 (86.20%) | 1.56 ± 0.27 |  |  |
 Hypertension | ||||
  Hypertension (including gestational) | 9 (15.52%) | 1.50 ± 0.19 | 0.61 |  |
  No hypertension (including gestational) | 49 (84.48%) | 1.55 ± 0.27 |  |  |
 Sugar Sweetened Beverage (SSB) Intake | ||||
  No SSB Consumption (= 0/week) | 7 (12.07%) | 1.52 ± 0.14 | 0.60 | -0.10 (0.48) |
  Any SSB Consumption (> 0/week) | 33 (56.90%) | 1.57 ± 0.26 |  |  |
  High SSB Consumption (> 4/week) | 18 (31.03%) | 1.49 ± 0.28 |  |  |
 Mental Health | ||||
  No mental illness | 45 (78.95%) | 1.56 ± 0.27 | 0.37 |  |
  Mental illness | 12 (21.05%) | 1.48 ± 0.22 |  |  |
 Pre-pregnancy Body Mass Index (BMI) kg/m2 | 27.96 ± 8.44 |  |  | 0.06 (0.68) |
  Normal (< 25) | 23 (39.66%) | 1.56 ± 0.20 | 0.69 |  |
  Overweight (25–29.99) | 20 (34.48%) | 1.50 ± 0.25 |  |  |
  Obese (≥ 30) | 15 (25.86%) | 1.57 ± 0.33 |  |  |
 Weight Gain in Pregnancy, pounds | 23.96 ± 16.82 |  |  | 0.14 (0.31) |
   ≤ 40 lbs | 52 (91.23%) | 1.53 ± 0.27 | 0.40 |  |
   >40 lbs | 5 (8.77%) | 1.64+/-0.13 |  |  |
 American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology (ACOG) Weight Gain during Pregnancy | ||||
  Under ACOG Range | 16 (29.63%) | 1.57 ± 0.30 | 0.77 |  |
  Normal ACOG Range | 20 (37.04%) | 1.48 ± 0.20 |  |  |
  Above ACOG Range | 18 (33.33%) | 1.54 ± 0.29 |  |  |
 Menarche (age, years) | 12.36 ± 1.55 |  |  | -0.07(0.61) |
  ≤ 12 years old | 30 (53.57%) | 1.57 ± 0.29 | 0.55 |  |
  > 12 years old | 26 (46.43%) | 1.53 ± 0.21 |  |  |
 Parity | 2.02 ± 0.94 |  |  | -0.04 (0.79) |
  1 | 20 (34.48%) | 1.49 ± 0.21 | 0.44 |  |
  2,3 | 35 (60.34%) | 1.58 ± 0.28 |  |  |
  > 3 | 3 (5.18%) | 1.46 ± 0.22 |  |  |
Child Specifics | ||||
 Maternal LTL correlated with Child LTL |  |  |  | 0.03 (0.84) |
  Gestational Age | 38.68 ± 1.89 |  |  | -0.11(0.42) |
   < 37 weeks | 51 (87.93%) | 1.53 ± 0.26 |  |  |
   ≥ 37 weeks | 7 (12.07%) | 1.65+/-0.24 |  |  |
 Birth Weight Z-Score | -0.31 ± 1.02 |  |  | -0.03 (0.81) |
  < 0 | 38 (65.52%) | 1.53 ± 0.23 | 0.73 |  |
  ≥ 0 | 20 (34.48%) | 1.56 ± 0.31 |  |  |
 Birth Length Z-Score | 0.14 ± 1.20 |  |  | -0.03(0.81) |
  < 0 | 21 (36.21%) | 1.61 ± 0.26 | 0.15 |  |
  ≥ 0 | 37 (63.79%) | 1.50 ± 0.25 |  |  |
 Apgar 1 min | 7.74 ± 1.32 |  |  |  |
  < 7 | 7 (12.07%) | 1.58 ± 0.21 | 0.72 |  |
  ≥ 7 and < 9 | 35 (60.34%) | 1.52 ± 0.26 |  |  |
  ≥ 9 | 16 (27.59%) | 1.57 ± 0.27 |  |  |
 Apgar at 5 min | 8.80 ± 0.62 |  |  | -0.18(0.18) |
  < 9 at 5 min | 12 (20.69%) | 1.60 ± 0.22 | 0.38 |  |
  ≥ 9 at 5 min | 46 (79.31%) | 1.52 ± 0.27 |  |  |
 Head Circumference (cm) | 34.23 ± 1.67 |  |  | -0.12(0.98) |
  ≤ 34.5 cm | 34 (58.62%) | 1.54 ± 0.26 | 0.35 |  |
  > 34.5 cm | 24 (41.37%) | 1.54 ± 0.26 |  |  |